Who is that Alien in our Capillary...Getting To Know Hemoglobin..

Who is that Alien in our Capillary...

Getting To Know Hemoglobin......

Hemoglobin is an oxygen carrying pigment, which is present in red blood cells.It has two parts. One is called heme which is a prosthetic group. And the other is goblin protein.

Heme containing proteins are present in aerobic animals. And concerned with the transport of oxygen. Heme part is same in all the animals. The difference is in the globin chains, that have different aminoacids in different animals.

Here in this post you will learn about structure of hemoglobin i.e its amino acids chains and heme part as well as different functions of hemoglobin.

Structure of hemoglobin.....

Heme:

Heme has one central iron, which is attached to four pyrol rings. The iron is in the forum of ferric ion. The pyrol  rings are connected by methylene bridges.

Globin:

Globin is the protein part and consist of four chains. In human, there are two alpa chains and other two may be beta,delta,gamma or epsilon depending on the type of hemoglobin.

Important Functions of hemoglobin......

Hemoglobin as oxygen carrier:


The main function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues of the body. This is due to the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. When hemoglobin comes in contact with oxygen, it combines with it and form oxy-hemoglobin. This is a week bond. When blood reaches to tissues, where oxygen is deficient, the bond is broken and oxygen diffuses out to tissues

Hemoglobin as carbon dioxide carrier:

Some of carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs through hemoglobin. Although the majority of it is transported via plasma but still it carries some of CO2 to lungs.

Color of blood:

The red color of blood is due to hemoglobin. When red blood cells are separated from the blood, the red color disappears. This means that the red color of blood is due to red blood cells. Hence the name red blood cells is given to it. And as we know that hemoglobin is present inside red blood cells, therefore it gives red coloration to RBCs

Buffering action:

Hemoglobin also acts as a buffer.Buffer means to resist change in pH.Blood has 7.4 pH and it remains in the narrow range.Because, if it changes the life of the person may be endangered.Therefore, hemoglobin plays very important role in keeping the pH of blood constant

Erythrocyte metabolism:
Hemoglobin plays an important role in the modulation of erythrocyte metabolism.

Thats All For Today.. Thank You For Spent Your Time....😂

LET'S TREAT AND MANAGE YOUR ANEMIA...REMEDIES FOR ANEMIA

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA?

1.  Vitamin and mineral
2. Iron injection 
3. Vitamin B12 (injection)
4.  Antibiotics
5. Give medication – anti-inflammatory drugs
6.  Blood transfusion
7.  Surgery to prevent abnormal bleeding
8. Iron supplement

,

     LET'S MANAGE YOUR ANEMIA......

MANAGEMENT HAEMORRHAGE

    SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR EITHER NEOPLASTICISM OR NON-NEOPLASTIC DISEASE OF GIT (GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT) GENITOURINARY TRACT ,UTERUS AND LUNG.

 RESERVE TRANSFUSION OF RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC)

EAT HEALTHY FOOD ESPECIALLY RICH IN IRON

Do You Have Anemia?

DO YOU HAVE ANEMIA?

Well you already know what generally anemia is all about right?

Have you ever wonder how to know when you are having anemia?

These are the sign & symptoms of anemia  :

• ·         Easy fatigue (easy to get tired)
• ·         When you are exercising, there will be unusual rapid heart beat
• ·         Shortness of breath & headache
• ·         Difficulty to focus or concentrate
• ·         Dizziness
• ·         Pale skin
• ·         Leg cramps
• ·         Insomnia

WAIT! All of the symptoms of getting anemia are actually vary according to types of anemia, the severity, or maybe the underlying health problems. That is why the specific symptoms of those problems may be noticed first, just beware of it.

BUT! Doesn’t mean having all of these symptoms makes you think that you are having ANEMIA. NO! Don’t jump into the conclusion, my dear beloved readers. If you are having those kind of symptoms, make sure you seek for medical advice, I mean…  just go and see the doctor! Ok that’s all bye~

ANEMIA AROUND THE GLOBAL

ANEMIA AROUND THE GLOBAL!

• The prevalence of anemia in Canada and northern Europe is believed to be similar to that in the United States.

• In underprivileged countries, the prevalence of anemia to be 2-5 times greater than that in the United States. 
•  Populations with little meat in the diet have a high incidence of iron deficiency anemia, because heme iron is better absorbed from food than inorganic iron.
• Sickle cell disease is common in regions of Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and the Mediterranean basin. 
• The thalassemias are the most common genetic blood diseases and are found in Southeast Asia and in areas where sickle cell disease is common.
• G-6-PD deficiency and thalassemia have less morbidity in African Americans than in Sicilians because of differences in the genetic fault. Conversely, sickle cell anemia has greater morbidity and mortality in African Americans than in Saudi Arabians.
• Iron deficiency anemia is much more prevalent in the populations of developing nations, who tend to have little meat in their diets, than it is in populations of the United States and northern Europe.
• Anemia is twice as prevalent in females as in males.

Types Of Anemia

TYPES OF ANEMIA

1) APLASTIC ANEMIA 

•  Aplastic anemia is a condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new blood cells. 
• A rare and serious condition, aplastic anemia can develop at any age. 
• Aplastic anemia may occur suddenly, or it can occur slowly and get worse over a long period of time.

2) B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

• Your body does not have enough of this vitamin.
• You need B12 to make red blood cells
•  People who has history of intestine disease or who are vegans (eat vegetables only) tends to get this types of anemia.

     3) SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

•     Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited disorder that, in the U.S. affects mainly African-Americans and Hispanic Americans. 
•     Red blood cells become crescent-shaped because of a genetic defect. 
•    They break down rapidly, so oxygen does not get to the body's organs, causing anemia. 
•     The crescent-shaped red blood cells can also get stuck in tiny blood vessels, causing pain. 

Getting To Know ANEMIA

Hello and greetings there! Thank you for visiting us! Hope you’re always in a pink of health!

Hmm… Ever wonder what –exactly the word of ANEMIA or ANAEMIA is?

ANEMIA or ANAEMIA??? 

Why is the different? 

Well, both words have the same definition! 

It is just the frequent usage of the ANEMIA among Americans whereas usage of ANAEMIA is often used in British.

Well, no worries… is a very common type disorders of one of the most important cells in human’s body....which is red blood cells (RBCs) or also known as erythrocytes! 

Plus, according to the 18^th International Edition of the Harrison’s Manual of Medicine, anemia is also a common clinical problem in medicine. Anemia occurs either due to inadequate or insufficient RBCs (less than approximately 3.5 million of RBCs per microliter!) or due to shortening of the RBCs lifespan (which is normally 105 to 120 days!). 

This phenomenon may happen through loss of RBCs from circulation or RBCs destruction!

So, how can anemia are classified? Well, worry not; it is simply and easy as cake! (LOL!) Below are the summary of the general classifications of anemia according to the cause/etiology of its occurrences:

1. HYPOPROLIFERATIVE ANEMIA (most common)

The term hypo- means lacking or decrease from the normal; thus in this type of anemia, the RBCs morphology (its size, shape, colour etc) are normal! However, the amount of RBCs or more clinically called as reticulocyte index (RI) is LOW! How is this happen? It may be due to damage to marrow (the factory to RBCs-making), early iron deficiency, and decrease erythropoietin (EPO) production or action!

2. MATURATION DISORDERS

This type of anemia is due to the abnormality of the RBCs itself, which often result from either defect in hemoglobin synthesis or abnormally-slow replication of DNA in the RBCs!

 What happen if the most important part of the RBCs which act as oxygen-carrier known as hemoglobin is not produced enough to supply the numerous cells in human’s body? Well, if there is any defect or abnormality in hemoglobin production, this will certainly affect the RBCs on becoming abnormally immature (cytoplasmic) and small!

Slower DNA replication in RBCs on the other hand result nuclear maturation defects and large full red cells! Both of this causes may occurs due to nutritional problems such as insufficient iron supply, not enough vitamin B12 and folate, or even because of toxic exposure such as methotrexate, the cancer chemotherapeutic agent!

3. ANEMIA DUE TO RBC DESTRUCTION OR ACUTE BLOOD LOSS

Loss of blood often happens due to trauma, gastrointestinal hemorrhage (a.k.a bleeding!); other less common factor can be hematuria, heavy menstrual, internal bleeding such as from those spleen or organ rupture, or even due to fracture of bones especially the hip fractures that is also known as the retroperitoneal illipsoas hemorrhage!

Ever heard about the term HEMOLYSIS? Hemo- means related to blood, whereas lysis- means the breakdown or rupture of something, thus it is simply means the abnormally breakdown of the RBCs (before reaching its maximum lifespan!) There are numerous conditions that can leads to hemolysis as listed below:

·         Intracellular RBC abnormalities

·         G6PD deficiency

·         Sickle-cell anemia (SCA)

·         Membrane abnormalities (rare)

·         Immunohemolytic anemia (positive Coombs’ test, spherocytes)

·         Mechanical trauma

·         Direct toxic effect-infections such as Malaria

·         Hypersplenism

Whew! Interested to know more? Well, see ya’ till next chapter again about the further details on the type of anemia and mechanism on how anemia occurs!

Xoxo